Novel silanol waxes

ABSTRACT

The invention discloses novel silanol waxes. Compounds of the invention by virtue of their silanol fatty ester group are waxy lubricious solids which provide outstanding lubrication and hydrophobicity when applied to hair, skin and textile fibers. The compounds of the present invention are prepared by reacting a silanol compound with a fatty carboxylic and or polycarboxylic acid, ester or anhydride.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a series of novel silanol fatty esters which provide outstanding lubrication, and hydrophobicity to a variety of substrates. The compounds of the invention are waxy solids which melt under pressure to give a clear liquid lubricating oil. The esterification by which the compounds are prepared is the reaction of a silanol, a hydroxy containing silicone polymer, and a fatty acid or polycarboxylic acids.

2. Arts and Practices

Silicone compounds have been known to be active at the surface of plastic, cellulosic and synthetic fibers as well as paper. They are good nondurable lubricants and are very stable to oxidation, however, their high cost and lack of efficiency at low concentrations as well as low durability have made their acceptance in commercial products quite low. In all instances, commercially available quats are the active ingredient in traditional laundry care markets, with little or no silicone added.

The low efficiency and low durability of polydimethylsiloxane is due to the fact that it is very water insoluble and deposits on the surface to obtain a minimum free energy in the solution. Simply, the silicone oil delivery to the surface by hydrophobic binding, not chemical bonding. At the surface, the polydimethylsiloxane is a very effective fiber lubricant, however, there are two drawbacks, first; the polydimethylsiloxane is not chemically bonded so the effect is very transient and disappears with one washing, and second; since there is no reaction of the siloxane to the surface an equilibrium between fiber absorbed polydimethylsiloxane and polydimethylsiloxane in the dispersion results in very inefficient percentage of silicone deposited. A large amount of the expensive silicone goes down the drain with the waste water.

In many applications, there is a desire for a solid wax which can spread on surfaces. These applications include personal care products like antiperspirants and skin creams. Unfortunately, most silicone derivatives are liquid to very low temperatures. Attempts to overcome this deficiency have been made by reacting stearyl alcohol with a chloro silane to obtain the following product; ##STR1##

The difficulty with the use of this material is that a large excess (50% by weight) of the alcohol needs to be added to get a product which is free of the irritating chlorosilane raw material. When such an excess is used the product behaves functionally more like the stearyl alcohol than like a silicone compound. Additionally, the compound is not polymeric, hence the superior lubrication and hydrophobicity enhancements which can be achieved by dimethylpolysiloxane is not obtainable with these compounds.

Many attempts have been made to overcome these problems and get a truly lubricious silicone wax.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,511,699 to Sterman issued May 12, 1970 teaches that epoxy compounds placed in the silicone backbone by hydrosilation can be cured onto certain fibers to give improved substantivity. The substantivity is based upon the reaction of hydroxyl groups on the cellulosic and the epoxy group in the silicone polymer. The resulting bond is a ether linkage and a new hydroxyl group. While a definite improvement over other compounds the efficiency and durability of the were not good enough to allow for cost effective incorporation of these materials in detergent formulations.

THE INVENTION Object of the Invention

It is the object of the present invention to provide novel silanol fatty ester compounds which are solid at ambient temperatures but melt and become substantive to the surface of a fibrous, plastic or cellulosic material. These materials render in lubricity, and hydrophobicity.

It is another objective of the current invention to provide silanol esters which can be used in textile, and personal care applications to render softness and lubrication to the substrates being treated. The superior antistatic properties are an important benefit, since this is a major aspect of consumer perception of softness in consumer and industrial laundry applications. Lubrication has been a property which is purported to effect garment life. Application of the compounds of the invention can be from solvent, aqueous dispersion or solution, or applied neat in these processes. The compounds of the current invention make outstanding napping lubricants were a waxy material which liquefies under application of pressure is desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to novel silanol fatty ester compounds. The compounds by virtue of the silanol ester group form effective surface modifying finishes. The compounds of the present invention are substantive to cellulosic and synthetic fibers as well as metal surfaces and plastic polymers.

The compounds of this invention are silanol esters made by the esterification of a fatty acid and/or polycarboxylic acid, ester or anhydride with a silanol compound. The compounds of the present invention conform to the following structure; ##STR2## R² is ##STR3## R¹ is alkyl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; R³ is selected from --(CH₂)_(c) --, or --(CH₂)_(d) --CH═CH--(CH₂)_(e) --;

a is an integer from 0 to 20;

b is an integer from 1 to 200;

c, d and e are independently integers from 1 to 10;

R⁴ is alkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon units or aryl (C6H5).

EXAMPLES

The compounds of the present invention are prepared by the reaction of a silanol compound and a fatty acid or polyacid. Examples of suitable reactants are as follows;

    ______________________________________                                                                       Molecular                                        Reactants   Formula           Weight                                           ______________________________________                                         Fatty Acids                                                                    Lauric      C12 (Saturated)   200                                              Myristic    C14 (Saturated)   228                                              Stearic     C18 (Saturated)   284                                              Oleic                         282                                              Linoleic                      280                                              Diacids                                                                        Adipic Acid HO(O)C(CH2).sub.4 C(O)OH                                                                         146                                              Succinic Acid                                                                              HO(O)C(CH2).sub.2 C(O)OH                                                                         118                                              Dodecanedioic Acid                                                                         HO(O)C(CH2).sub.10 C(O)OH                                                                        230                                              ______________________________________                                    

Silanol Compounds

Silanol compounds are well known and are marketed in the trade under many names. The compounds conform to the following generic structure; ##STR4##

Compounds of the following structure are available from Siltech Inc. Norcross Ga. and are marketed under the Silteh S series tradename shown;

    ______________________________________                                         Name          Molecular Weight                                                 ______________________________________                                         Siltech S 701  1,000                                                           Siltech S 706  6,000                                                           Siltech S 710 10,000                                                           Siltech S 750 50,000                                                           Siltech S 790 86,000                                                           ______________________________________                                    

General Reaction Conditions

The esterification can be run without catalyst; however, when no catalysts used reaction rates are less efficient. Standard esterification catalysts are generally used at concentrations of between 0.05% to 0.50% with a preferred range of 0.1% to 0.3%. Catalysts which are effective include butare not limited to; sulfuric acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, methane sulfonic acid, tin metal, zinc metal, titanium metal, organo titianates, organo tin compounds, organo zinc compounds, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, etc.. The most preferred catalyst is stannous oxylate. The reaction is conducted at between 140° and 240° C. under an inert nitrogen blanket. The nitrogen blanket preserves the color. Preferred temperature range is between 180° and 210° C. Water is removed from the reaction which is done using a nitrogen sparge or vacuum.

The reaction can be run with either a stiochiometric amount of the fatty acid. However, it is recommended that an excess of about 1 to 5% of one acid be employed.

DIESTER EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1

Into a suitable round bottom, three neck flask equipped with a Dean Stark trap, a thermometer and a nitrogen sparge is added 284.0 grams of stearic acid, 0.25% by weight of the total batch charged of stannous oxylate and 5,000 grams of Siltech S 710. The reaction mass is blanketed with nitrogen, and heated to 180° and 200° C. under an inert nitrogen blanket. Once the reaction temperature reaches 120° C. water begins to boil off and is collected in the Dean Stark Trap. Within four to five hours the theoretical water is collected off and the acid value is very low. The product is a white wax and is used without additional purification.

EXAMPLES 2-12

Example 1 is repeated only this time substituting the specified number of grams of the fatty acid specified for the stearic acid and the specified type and number of grams of silanol compound as shown below:

    ______________________________________                                                 Fatty Acid   Silanol Compound                                          Example   Type     Grams     Type  Grams                                       ______________________________________                                         1         Lauric   200.0     S 701   500.0                                     3         Myristic 228.0     S 701   500.0                                     4         Stearic  284.0     S 701   500.0                                     5         Oleic    282.0     S 701   500.0                                     6         Lauric   200.0     S 706 3,000.0                                     7         Myristic 228.0     S 706 3,000.0                                     8         Stearic  284.0     S 706 3,000.0                                     9         Myristic 228.0     S 710 5,000.0                                     10        Stearic  284.0     S 710 5,000.0                                     11        Oleic    282.0     S 750 25,000.0                                    12        Stearic  284.0     S 790 45,000.0                                    ______________________________________                                    

POLYMERICS EXAMPLE 13

Into a suitable round bottom, three neck flask equipped with a Dean Stark trap, a thermometer and a nitrogen sparge is added 254.0 grams of lauric acid, 7.3 grams of adipic acid, 0.25% of total weight of the batch of stannous oxylate and 500 grams of Siltech S 701. The reaction mass is blanketed with nitrogen, and heated to 180° and 200° C. under an inert nitrogen blanket. Once the reaction temperature reaches 120° C. water begins to boil off and is collected in the Dean StarkTrap. Within four to five hours the theoretical water is collected off and the acid value is very low. The product is a white wax and is used withoutadditional purification.

EXAMPLE 14-23

Example 13 is repeated only this time substituting the specified number of grams of the fatty acid specified for the lauric acid and the specified type and number of grams of diacid and the specified type and number of grams of silanol compound as shown below;

    ______________________________________                                                Fatty Acid      Silanol Compound                                        Example  Type        Grams     Type  Grams                                     ______________________________________                                         14       Myristic    205.0     S 701   500.0                                            Dodecanedioic                                                                               11.5                                                     15       Stearic     227.0     S 701   500.0                                            Adipic       14.6                                                     16       Oleic       197.0     S 701   500.0                                            Succinic     17.7                                                     17       Lauric      190.0     S 706 3,000.0                                            Dodecanedioic                                                                               5.7                                                      18       Myristic    216.6     S 706 3,000.0                                            Adipic       3.7                                                      19       Stearic     142.0     S 706 3,000.0                                            Adipic       36.5                                                     20       Myristic    193.8     S 710 5,000.0                                            Succinic     7.5                                                      21       Stearic     197.0     S 710 5,000.0                                            Adipic       1.9                                                      22       Oleic       253.0     S 750 25,000.0                                           Dodecanedioic                                                                               11.5                                                     23       Stearic     227.0     S 790 45,000.0                                           Dodecanedioic                                                                               23.0                                                     ______________________________________                                    

APPLICATIONS EXAMPLES Applications of the Compounds of the Invention

Compounds of this invention were compared to standard compounds commercially available using AATCC Test Method 117-1979. The color fastness heat test uses a 400 F. (205 F.) hot iron which is applied for 60and 180 seconds. The color is rated on a 1-5 basis for yellowness, (5 beingthe most yellow).

    ______________________________________                                         Compound              Yellowness                                               ______________________________________                                         Alkaquat T (Imidazoline Quat)                                                                        4                                                        Alkaquat DAET 90 (Amido Quat)                                                                        5                                                        Example #4            1                                                        Example #19           2                                                        ______________________________________                                    

As can be seen the compounds of the present invention are non-yellowing softeners when compared to standard softeners.

    ______________________________________                                         Lubrication                                                                    FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES                                                                              LUBRICATION DATA.sup.1                                                         Coefficient of Friction                                                        FIBER/METAL                                                          DESCRIPTION (m/min.)                                                 PRODUCT     (70 F.)       100      300                                         ______________________________________                                         Butyl Stearate                                                                             White Liquid  0.17     0.21                                        Tridecyl Stearate                                                                          Clear Liquid  0.25     0.27                                        Example 4   White Wax     0.06     0.01                                        Example 19  White Wax     0.07     0.02                                        Ditallowdimethyl                                                                           Tan solid     0.35     0.35                                        benzalkonium                                                                   chloride                                                                       Ditridecyl adipate                                                                         Clear Amber Liquid                                                                           0.28     0.29                                        Untreated Fiber           0.98     1.01                                        ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Rothchild F Meter, Fiber; 150 denier polyester, Temperature; 72 F.     Relative humidity; 60%                                                    

As can be easily seen the compounds of the present invention are excellent lubricants.

Wet Comb Out Test

A laboratory test is conducted to screen the wet comb properties of a representative member of the family of novel compounds. Hair swatches are purchased from a supply of human hair from the same head. Each test swatchcontains 7 grams of hair and is 11 inches in length. The hair is tied tightly 1 inch from one end with string. The swatch is pre-cleaned with a 3% solution of ammonium lauryl sulfate. Subsequently, the swatch is washedunder running tap water. The hair is then squeezed out and while still dampdipped into a 200 ml solution of 0.2% active quaternary. Another rinse is made, then the swatch is blotted dry. The swatch is then treated by holding the hair swatch, combing the hair as rapidly as possible while alternating the side of the swatch combed. The time needed to get one smooth free stroke without tangling is recorded. Typical results for the standard quaternary compounds used in hair conditioning (stearyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride) range from 12-14 seconds.

    ______________________________________                                         Rinse Conditioner (Wet Comb Out Test)                                          Product          Time in Seconds                                               ______________________________________                                         Example #10      11                                                            Example #22      13                                                            Stearyldimethylbenzyl                                                                           12                                                            ammonium chloride                                                              ______________________________________                                    

As can be seen, the compounds of the invention give significant conditioning properties to hair makes them prime candidates for cosmetic as well as textile and other related applications. The following examples are typical formulations which utilize the compounds of the present invention;

Deodorant Formulation

The compounds of the invention can be utilized to formulate deodorant sticks and related products. The silanol ester wax of this invention are less volatile than the cyclic silicones commonly used and can be used to replace stearyl alcohol in many formulations. Superior feel and lubrication are achieved. A typical formulation is;

    ______________________________________                                         Material          %                                                            ______________________________________                                         Stearyl alcohol   20.0                                                         Example 4         20.0                                                         Exxal 20          10.0                                                         Cyclic silicones   5.0                                                         Ethanol           35.0                                                         1,2 propylene glycol                                                                             10.0                                                         ______________________________________                                    

Rouge

The compounds of the invention can be utilized to formulate rouge and related products. A typical formulation is;

    ______________________________________                                         Material           %                                                           ______________________________________                                         Stearyl Alcohol    7.0                                                         Example 20         5.0                                                         Exxal 20           5.0                                                         Ethanol            5.0                                                         Magnesium Stearate 2.0                                                         Kaolin             15.0                                                        Starch             5.0                                                         Magnesium carbonate                                                                               2.0                                                         Talc               44.0                                                        Titanium dioxide   5.0                                                         Powder brown (color)                                                                              5.0                                                         ______________________________________                                    

Eyeshadow

The compounds of the invention can be utilized to formulate eyeshadow products. A typical formulation is;

    ______________________________________                                         Material           %                                                           ______________________________________                                         Stearyl Alcohol    55.0                                                        Example 12         20.0                                                        Ozokerit 70-72     15.0                                                        Color (Ariabel 300 403                                                                            10.0                                                        ______________________________________                                    

Lip Stick Formulation

The compounds of this invention make outstanding bases for the preparation of lipstick products. The lipsticks made with these materials have outstanding slip and provide lubrication and emmoliency properties to the stick. A typical formulation is;

    ______________________________________                                         Material         %                                                             ______________________________________                                         Stearyl alcohol  40.0                                                          Example 4        40.0                                                          Exxal 20         10.0                                                          Color             5.0                                                          Titanium dioxide  5.0                                                          ______________________________________                                    

Lipcream

By replacing the C-20 guerbet alcohol with a guerbet citrate ester and altering the ratio of components a lipcream can be formulated;

    ______________________________________                                         Material         %                                                             ______________________________________                                         Stearyl alcohol  40.0                                                          Example 4        40.0                                                          Siltech CS-2000  15.0                                                          Color             3.0                                                          Titanium dioxide  2.0                                                          ______________________________________                                    

Dryer Sheet Softener

The compounds of the present invention can be incorporated into drier sheetsoftener formulations to improve fiber to metal lubrication (antistat), fiber to fiber lubrication (hand and softness) without adversely effectingthe melting point of the sheet. Traditional silicone compounds have not been widely used in these applications because of their liquidity, which alters the melting point properties of the sheet.

    ______________________________________                                         Material               %                                                       ______________________________________                                         Stearyl imidazoline quat                                                                              60.0                                                    Example 15             20.0                                                    Stearyl acid 8 mole ethylene oxide                                                                    20.0                                                    ______________________________________                                    

Furniture and Automotive Wax

The compounds of the present invention can be incorporated into wax formulations for furniture and automotive applications. Their high lubrication properties as well as their being solid at ambient temperatures makes them excellent wax bases. The property of liquificationunder pressure also contributes to the functionality.

Laundry Detergent

The compounds of the invention can be added to powdered detergents to obtain a detergent/softener/antistat package in one compound. 

What is claimed:
 1. A silanol ester compound which conforms to the following structure; ##STR5## R² is ##STR6## R¹ is alkyl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; R³ is selected from --(CH₂)_(c) --, or --(CH₂)_(d) --CH═CH--(CH₂)_(e) --;a is an integer from 0 to 20; b is an integer from 1 to 200; c, d and e are independently integers from 1 to 10; R⁴ is alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or aromatic C6H5.
 2. A compound of claim 1 wherein R¹ has between 11 and 19 carbon atoms.
 3. A compound of claim 1 wherein R¹ has between 15 and 18 carbon atoms.
 4. A compound of claim 1 wherein R¹ has 18 carbon atoms.
 5. A compound of claim 1 wherein a is zero.
 6. A compound of claim 5 wherein R¹ has between 11 and 19 carbon atoms.
 7. A compound of claim 5 wherein R¹ has between 15 and 18 carbon atoms.
 8. A compound of claim 5 wherein R¹ has 18 carbon atoms. 